Middle and Late Devonian sponge spicules of the Holy Cross Mountains and Silesian Upland
Helena Hurcewicz
Calcareous octactinellid sponge spicules are abundant in the Givetian and early Frasnian organic buildups in the Holy Cross Mts and Siewierz anticline. Silesian Upland, Monaxone-bearing siliceous Demospongea (or ?Iyssakid Hyalospongea) occupied coeval quiet-water basin habitats. Significant reorganization within these generally deeper-water associations occurred late in the Frasnian (a local rise of the lithistids associated with dictyids and Iyssakids) and early in the Famennian (profusion of Hyalospongea).
Key words: sponges, Octactinellida, Triaxonia, Devonian, Poland.
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